The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.